I have finished reading the autobiography by lance Armstrong "It's Not About The Bike”. The book is about Lance Armstrong's autobiography detailing his life growing up in Texas with a single mom, a bike and a passion for riding. He overcomes many hardships to become a famous world-class athlete only to face the possible loss of it all to brain and testicular cancer.
Learning’s:
1. "Make every obstacle an opportunity." Or negative into positive.
2. Each one of us have unrealized capabilities to meet any crises situation.
3. An unflinching passion for work/activity/life.
Scribbling ideas, thinking, experiences, failures, success, disagreements and learnings.
Friday, December 19, 2008
Wednesday, December 17, 2008
Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAAT)
Audits are performed to ascertain the validity and reliability of information, and also provide an assessment of a system's internal control.
In financial accounting, an audit is an independent assessment of the fairness by which a company's financial statements are presented by its management. Auditing in the computer based information system involves complex data extraction, error detection, log checks etc.
The audit procedures can be grouped into five categories:
1. Audit tests include basic population statistics, data stratification, checks for gaps in numeric sequences, testing for holidays, classifying transaction dates by day of week and tests using Benford's Law.
2. Cost recovery procedures include identification of potential duplicate invoice payments.
3. Data extraction includes a comprehensive suite of functions to enable the auditor to focus on the specific data relevant for the procedure.
4. Fraud and error detection includes a variety of tests designed to hi light "outliers" as well as detect potential duplicates using either the "same, same, same" test or "same, same, different".
5. Analytic review procedures include various linear regression tests, "napkin" tests and "mini-max.
The audit test includes:
1. Basic population statistics
2. Tests for round numbers
3. Gaps in numeric sequences
4. Check for dates falling on holidays
5. Transaction count by day of week
6. Tests with Benford's Law
7. Data stratification
Some of the popular softwares are ACL, SAS, JMP, EZ-R Stats.
Overview of ACL:
ACL is platform independent software, and can communicate with multiple data platform like (Oracle, SAP ERP etc). The software works on image format, and is not pre programmed. The image file format is proprietary of ACL. The software occupies not more than 30 MB of the disk space and the reports cannot be tampered or ported to another system. The interface is simple and can extract data from all the commercial databases. The latest version on offer by ACL is ACL Xchange 2009
In financial accounting, an audit is an independent assessment of the fairness by which a company's financial statements are presented by its management. Auditing in the computer based information system involves complex data extraction, error detection, log checks etc.
The audit procedures can be grouped into five categories:
1. Audit tests include basic population statistics, data stratification, checks for gaps in numeric sequences, testing for holidays, classifying transaction dates by day of week and tests using Benford's Law.
2. Cost recovery procedures include identification of potential duplicate invoice payments.
3. Data extraction includes a comprehensive suite of functions to enable the auditor to focus on the specific data relevant for the procedure.
4. Fraud and error detection includes a variety of tests designed to hi light "outliers" as well as detect potential duplicates using either the "same, same, same" test or "same, same, different".
5. Analytic review procedures include various linear regression tests, "napkin" tests and "mini-max.
The audit test includes:
1. Basic population statistics
2. Tests for round numbers
3. Gaps in numeric sequences
4. Check for dates falling on holidays
5. Transaction count by day of week
6. Tests with Benford's Law
7. Data stratification
Some of the popular softwares are ACL, SAS, JMP, EZ-R Stats.
Overview of ACL:
ACL is platform independent software, and can communicate with multiple data platform like (Oracle, SAP ERP etc). The software works on image format, and is not pre programmed. The image file format is proprietary of ACL. The software occupies not more than 30 MB of the disk space and the reports cannot be tampered or ported to another system. The interface is simple and can extract data from all the commercial databases. The latest version on offer by ACL is ACL Xchange 2009
Thursday, December 11, 2008
Power of Positive talk
I remember my dad teaching me the power of language at a very young age. Not only did my dad understand that specific words affect our mental pictures, but he understood words are a powerful programming factor in lifelong success.
One particularly interesting event occurred when I was eight. As a kid, I was always climbing trees, poles, and literally hanging around upside down from the rafters of our lake house. So, it came to no surprise for my dad to find me at the top of a 30-foot tree swinging back and forth. My little eight-year-old brain didn’t realize the tree could break or I could get hurt. I just thought it was fun to be up so high.
My older cousin, Tammy, was also in the same tree. She was hanging on the first big limb, about ten feet below me. Tammy’s mother also noticed us at the exact time my dad did. About that time a huge gust of wind came over the tree. I could hear the leaves start to rattle and the tree begin to sway. I remember my dad’s voice over the wind yell, “Bart, Hold on tightly.” So I did. The next thing I know, I heard Tammy screaming at the top of her lungs, laying flat on the ground. She had fallen out of the tree.
I scampered down the tree to safety. My dad later told me why she fell and I did not. Apparently, when Tammy’s mother felt the gust of wind, she yelled out, “Tammy, don’t fall!” And Tammy did… fall.
My dad then explained to me that the mind has a very difficult time processing a negative image. In fact, people who rely on internal pictures cannot see a negative at all. In order for Tammy to process the command of not falling, her nine-year-old brain had to first imagine falling, then try to tell the brain not to do what it just imagined. Whereas, my eight-year-old brain instantly had an internal image of me hanging on tightly.
This concept is especially useful when you are attempting to break a habit or set a goal. You can’t visualize not doing something. The only way to properly visualize not doing something is to actually find a word for what you want to do and visualize that. For example, when I was thirteen years old, I played for my junior high school football team. I tried so hard to be good, but I just couldn’t get it together at that age. I remember hearing the words run through my head as I was running out for a pass, “Don’t drop it!” Naturally, I dropped the ball.
My coaches were not skilled enough to teach us proper “self-talk.” They just thought some kids could catch and others couldn’t. I’ll never make it pro, but I’m now a pretty good Sunday afternoon football player, because all my internal dialogue is positive and encourages me to win. I wish my dad had coached me playing football instead of just climbing trees. I might have had a longer football career.
Here is a very easy demonstration to teach your kids and your friends the power of a toxic vocabulary. Ask them to hold a pen or pencil. Hand it to them. Now, follow my instructions carefully. Say to them, “Okay, try to drop the pencil.” Observe what they do.
Most people release their hands and watch the pencil hit the floor. You respond, “You weren’t paying attention. I said TRY to drop the pencil. Now please do it again.” Most people then pick up the pencil and pretend to be in excruciating pain while their hand tries but fails to drop the pencil.
The point is made.
If you tell your brain you will “give it a try,” you are actually telling your brain to fail. I have a “no try” rule in my house and with everyone I interact with. Either people will do it or they won’t. Either they will be at the party or they won’t. I’m brutal when people attempt to lie to me by using the word try. Do they think I don’t know they are really telegraphing to the world they have no intention of doing it but they want me to give them brownie points for pretended effort? You will never hear the words “I’ll try” come out of my mouth unless I’m teaching this concept in a seminar.
If you “try” and do something, your unconscious mind has permission not to succeed. If I truly can’t make a decision I will tell the truth. “Sorry John. I’m not sure if I will be at your party or not. I’ve got an outstanding commitment. If that falls through, I will be here. Otherwise, I will not. Thanks for the invite.”
People respect honesty. So remove the word “try” from your vocabulary.
My dad also told me that psychologists claim it takes seventeen positive statements to offset one negative statement. I have no idea if it is true, but the logic holds true. It might take up to seventeen compliments to offset the emotional damage of one harsh criticism.
These are concepts that are especially useful when raising children.
Ask yourself how many compliments you give yourself daily versus how many criticisms. Heck, I know you are talking to yourself all day long. We all have internal voices that give us direction.
So, are you giving yourself the 17:1 ratio or are you shortchanging yourself with toxic self-talk like, ” I’m fat. Nobody will like me. I’ll try this diet. I’m not good enough. I’m so stupid. I’m broke, etc. etc.”
If our parents can set a lifetime of programming with one wrong statement, imagine the kind of programming you are doing on a daily basis with your own internal dialogue. Here is a list of Toxic Vocabulary words.
Notice when you or other people use them.
Ø But: Negates any words that are stated before it.
Ø Try: Presupposes failure.
Ø If: Presupposes that you may not.
Ø Might: It does nothing definite. It leaves options for your listener.
Ø Would Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn’t actually happen.
Ø Should Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn’t actually happen (and implies guilt.)
Ø Could Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn’t actually happen but the person tries to take credit as if it did happen.
Ø Can’t/Don’t: These words force the listener to focus on exactly the opposite of what you want. This is a classic mistake that parents and coaches make without knowing the damage of this linguistic error.
Examples:
Toxic phrase: “Don’t drop the ball!”
Likely result: Drops the ball
Better language: “Catch the ball!”
Toxic phrase: “You shouldn’t watch so much television.”
Likely result: Watches more television.
Better language: “I read too much television makes people stupid. You might find yourself turning that TV off and picking up one of those books more often!”
Exercise: Take a moment to write down all the phrases you use on a daily basis or any Toxic self-talk that you have noticed yourself using. Write these phrases down so you will begin to catch yourself as they occur and change them.
Source: Speech of former president Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam
One particularly interesting event occurred when I was eight. As a kid, I was always climbing trees, poles, and literally hanging around upside down from the rafters of our lake house. So, it came to no surprise for my dad to find me at the top of a 30-foot tree swinging back and forth. My little eight-year-old brain didn’t realize the tree could break or I could get hurt. I just thought it was fun to be up so high.
My older cousin, Tammy, was also in the same tree. She was hanging on the first big limb, about ten feet below me. Tammy’s mother also noticed us at the exact time my dad did. About that time a huge gust of wind came over the tree. I could hear the leaves start to rattle and the tree begin to sway. I remember my dad’s voice over the wind yell, “Bart, Hold on tightly.” So I did. The next thing I know, I heard Tammy screaming at the top of her lungs, laying flat on the ground. She had fallen out of the tree.
I scampered down the tree to safety. My dad later told me why she fell and I did not. Apparently, when Tammy’s mother felt the gust of wind, she yelled out, “Tammy, don’t fall!” And Tammy did… fall.
My dad then explained to me that the mind has a very difficult time processing a negative image. In fact, people who rely on internal pictures cannot see a negative at all. In order for Tammy to process the command of not falling, her nine-year-old brain had to first imagine falling, then try to tell the brain not to do what it just imagined. Whereas, my eight-year-old brain instantly had an internal image of me hanging on tightly.
This concept is especially useful when you are attempting to break a habit or set a goal. You can’t visualize not doing something. The only way to properly visualize not doing something is to actually find a word for what you want to do and visualize that. For example, when I was thirteen years old, I played for my junior high school football team. I tried so hard to be good, but I just couldn’t get it together at that age. I remember hearing the words run through my head as I was running out for a pass, “Don’t drop it!” Naturally, I dropped the ball.
My coaches were not skilled enough to teach us proper “self-talk.” They just thought some kids could catch and others couldn’t. I’ll never make it pro, but I’m now a pretty good Sunday afternoon football player, because all my internal dialogue is positive and encourages me to win. I wish my dad had coached me playing football instead of just climbing trees. I might have had a longer football career.
Here is a very easy demonstration to teach your kids and your friends the power of a toxic vocabulary. Ask them to hold a pen or pencil. Hand it to them. Now, follow my instructions carefully. Say to them, “Okay, try to drop the pencil.” Observe what they do.
Most people release their hands and watch the pencil hit the floor. You respond, “You weren’t paying attention. I said TRY to drop the pencil. Now please do it again.” Most people then pick up the pencil and pretend to be in excruciating pain while their hand tries but fails to drop the pencil.
The point is made.
If you tell your brain you will “give it a try,” you are actually telling your brain to fail. I have a “no try” rule in my house and with everyone I interact with. Either people will do it or they won’t. Either they will be at the party or they won’t. I’m brutal when people attempt to lie to me by using the word try. Do they think I don’t know they are really telegraphing to the world they have no intention of doing it but they want me to give them brownie points for pretended effort? You will never hear the words “I’ll try” come out of my mouth unless I’m teaching this concept in a seminar.
If you “try” and do something, your unconscious mind has permission not to succeed. If I truly can’t make a decision I will tell the truth. “Sorry John. I’m not sure if I will be at your party or not. I’ve got an outstanding commitment. If that falls through, I will be here. Otherwise, I will not. Thanks for the invite.”
People respect honesty. So remove the word “try” from your vocabulary.
My dad also told me that psychologists claim it takes seventeen positive statements to offset one negative statement. I have no idea if it is true, but the logic holds true. It might take up to seventeen compliments to offset the emotional damage of one harsh criticism.
These are concepts that are especially useful when raising children.
Ask yourself how many compliments you give yourself daily versus how many criticisms. Heck, I know you are talking to yourself all day long. We all have internal voices that give us direction.
So, are you giving yourself the 17:1 ratio or are you shortchanging yourself with toxic self-talk like, ” I’m fat. Nobody will like me. I’ll try this diet. I’m not good enough. I’m so stupid. I’m broke, etc. etc.”
If our parents can set a lifetime of programming with one wrong statement, imagine the kind of programming you are doing on a daily basis with your own internal dialogue. Here is a list of Toxic Vocabulary words.
Notice when you or other people use them.
Ø But: Negates any words that are stated before it.
Ø Try: Presupposes failure.
Ø If: Presupposes that you may not.
Ø Might: It does nothing definite. It leaves options for your listener.
Ø Would Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn’t actually happen.
Ø Should Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn’t actually happen (and implies guilt.)
Ø Could Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn’t actually happen but the person tries to take credit as if it did happen.
Ø Can’t/Don’t: These words force the listener to focus on exactly the opposite of what you want. This is a classic mistake that parents and coaches make without knowing the damage of this linguistic error.
Examples:
Toxic phrase: “Don’t drop the ball!”
Likely result: Drops the ball
Better language: “Catch the ball!”
Toxic phrase: “You shouldn’t watch so much television.”
Likely result: Watches more television.
Better language: “I read too much television makes people stupid. You might find yourself turning that TV off and picking up one of those books more often!”
Exercise: Take a moment to write down all the phrases you use on a daily basis or any Toxic self-talk that you have noticed yourself using. Write these phrases down so you will begin to catch yourself as they occur and change them.
Source: Speech of former president Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam
Friday, December 5, 2008
Knowledge Management 2.0
bring people together
let them share
encourage collaboration
break down barriers
let them share
encourage collaboration
break down barriers
Tuesday, December 2, 2008
True Knowledge - From the Spiritual Import of the Mahabharata
We have usually been identifying knowledge with learning—the academic acquisition of information regarding the various objects of the world. But spiritual wisdom is the same as insight, known also as intuition, whereby the object of knowledge is possessed in completeness and does not any more remain as an extraneous something. Knowledge is power, and where power is lacking in respect of the object of knowledge, it can be safely said that right knowledge of that object also is comparatively lacking. Knowledge of an object is not merely the observation of an object in a scientific manner; it is a complete grasp of the secrets of that object, whereby it becomes a content of one’s knowledge in an inseparable manner. Therefore it is that it acquires complete control over the object—mastery over things—so that the apotheosis of knowledge is omniscience, which cannot be separated from omnipotence. So knowledge is power, knowledge is also righteousness, and knowledge is at the same time happiness. Wherever there is right knowledge, there should be power of some kind—capacity and energy. Wherever there is right knowledge, there is also automatically felt the presence of virtue and righteousness; and wherever there is knowledge, there is also the experience of happiness. If these results are not seen even in a meager measure, one should conclude that the knowledge is defective. Knowledge is not book-learning, and is not the acquisition of a certificate from an academy. Knowledge is actual communion with things, gradually, by appreciation of the character of things—an approximation of oneself to the nature of things with the intention finally of abolishing the distinction between oneself and the objects of knowledge.
Source: http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/maha/maha_19.html
Source: http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/maha/maha_19.html
Monday, December 1, 2008
Curriculum Vitae
Summary of professional experience:
Presently employed as Assistant Director with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Has gained around 10 years of IT consulting and training experience in Project Management, Information Technology, Management Information Systems (MIS), e-governance, Knowledge Management, BPR and Process Management.
Skill Sets:
Report Writing, Technical Writing, Proposal Preparation, RFPs, DPR, Productivity & Process Improvement, System Analysis & Design, Portal Design & Development.
Computer Skill sets:
RDBMS: SQL Server 2005
Front End: Visual Studio pro 2005
Applications: Ms Office, Ms Visio, Ms Project, SPSS
Operating System: Win 2000, MS Vista, Linux, Unix
Summary of qualifications: Masters in Computer Application
Professional experiences:
Jul 2008 – Present Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, New Delhi, INDIA
Assistant Director (Information Technology), Board of Studies
Jul 2005 – July 08 National Productivity Council, New Delhi, INDIA
Assistant Director (Information Technology)
· Consultant and trainer.
· IT Infrastructure Management of all the offices of NPC.
· Project based assignments & conduct required studies at client's organization
· Plan, organize & conduct residential/ Non-residential conferences cum training programs for Top/Middle and Junior Management of various government and private sector organizations.
Jan 2004 – Jun. 2005 IPER, Bhopal, INDIA
Head – MCA department
Aug 2003 – Dec 2003 MCEE-MIM, Bhopal, INDIA
Lecturer
Sep 1998 – June 2003 EIM, Bhopal, INDIA
Lecturer
Jun 1995 – Jan 1998 TEC Computers, Mumbai, INDIA
System Support Professional
Majors Assignments handled
(1995 – Till date)
1. Assignment on Knowledge Management Implementation at Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) – Demonstration project supported by Asian Productivity Organization(APO), Japan.
2. Assignment on Implementation of Sevottam IS-15700 at Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).
3. Successfully completed assignment on “Compliance Audit of PAN front Offices” for Directorate of Income Tax, Govt of India.
4. Core member of consultancy assignment on Knowledge Management initiated by Directorate of IT (DIT), Govt of India along with IIT Roorkee. NPC conducted two International conferences on Knowledge Management in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The project was successfully completed.
5. Core Member of consultancy assignment on ‘Feasibility Assessment of Mission Mode Projects on Panchayats, Municipalities, Land Records and Registration’ the study was conducted for 1) General implementation feasibility 2) Financial sustainability and 3) Implementation risks and recommended mitigation measures. The project was assigned by DIT, Govt. of India, National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). The project was successfully completed.
6. Successfully completed assignment on Portal Design, IBR Project for Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Computerization of Hindi version of Indian Boiler Regulations.
7. Design of the scheme for “Evaluation of awards for exemplary initiatives in E-governance” for Dept. of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Govt. of India.
8. Resource speaker and subject experts in residential conferences, training programmes for senior level executives and middle level executive from government and industry.
9. Resource speakers and experts on workshop for BHEL, BEL, NADP and others in following areas:
1. Information Security and Risk Management
2. Productivity and competitiveness
3. Work Simplification
4. Knowledge Management
5. Knowledge Audit and gap analysis
Trainings & Certifications:
1. Attended study Meeting on Methodologies for Knowledge Management Measurement at Manila, Philippines, organized by Asian Productivity Organization (APO) Tokyo along with participants from Asian countries. The objectives of the study meeting; to undertake comparative analyses of case studies on knowledge management (KM) practices in APO member countries, and based on examination of those cases identify and develop a common framework and appropriate methods for measuring the results of KM implementation. Presented Country paper on KM implementation in India.
2. Trained on Competency Mapping, Quality Management System IS 15700:2005 and Balanced Score Card, Ms Visio, SPSS, MS Project, Kaizen, 5S, Case Writing etc.
3. Team member of various syllabus Review committees.
Publications:
1. Paper on Internet Marketing – from Websites to Blog., ITS, New Delhi, 2008
2. Paper on “E-Governance infrastructure and integration” - Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore 2008.
3. Research paper on “Applying Knowledge Management in Government Organizations” – PIMR, Indore 2008.
4. Theme paper on Technology and Innovation for Knowledge Management at International Conference on Technology and Innovation for Knowledge Management at New Delhi, 2008.
5. Knowledge Management for customer friendly public service - The Smart Manager – 2006.
Presently employed as Assistant Director with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Has gained around 10 years of IT consulting and training experience in Project Management, Information Technology, Management Information Systems (MIS), e-governance, Knowledge Management, BPR and Process Management.
Skill Sets:
Report Writing, Technical Writing, Proposal Preparation, RFPs, DPR, Productivity & Process Improvement, System Analysis & Design, Portal Design & Development.
Computer Skill sets:
RDBMS: SQL Server 2005
Front End: Visual Studio pro 2005
Applications: Ms Office, Ms Visio, Ms Project, SPSS
Operating System: Win 2000, MS Vista, Linux, Unix
Summary of qualifications: Masters in Computer Application
Professional experiences:
Jul 2008 – Present Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, New Delhi, INDIA
Assistant Director (Information Technology), Board of Studies
Jul 2005 – July 08 National Productivity Council, New Delhi, INDIA
Assistant Director (Information Technology)
· Consultant and trainer.
· IT Infrastructure Management of all the offices of NPC.
· Project based assignments & conduct required studies at client's organization
· Plan, organize & conduct residential/ Non-residential conferences cum training programs for Top/Middle and Junior Management of various government and private sector organizations.
Jan 2004 – Jun. 2005 IPER, Bhopal, INDIA
Head – MCA department
Aug 2003 – Dec 2003 MCEE-MIM, Bhopal, INDIA
Lecturer
Sep 1998 – June 2003 EIM, Bhopal, INDIA
Lecturer
Jun 1995 – Jan 1998 TEC Computers, Mumbai, INDIA
System Support Professional
Majors Assignments handled
(1995 – Till date)
1. Assignment on Knowledge Management Implementation at Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) – Demonstration project supported by Asian Productivity Organization(APO), Japan.
2. Assignment on Implementation of Sevottam IS-15700 at Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).
3. Successfully completed assignment on “Compliance Audit of PAN front Offices” for Directorate of Income Tax, Govt of India.
4. Core member of consultancy assignment on Knowledge Management initiated by Directorate of IT (DIT), Govt of India along with IIT Roorkee. NPC conducted two International conferences on Knowledge Management in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The project was successfully completed.
5. Core Member of consultancy assignment on ‘Feasibility Assessment of Mission Mode Projects on Panchayats, Municipalities, Land Records and Registration’ the study was conducted for 1) General implementation feasibility 2) Financial sustainability and 3) Implementation risks and recommended mitigation measures. The project was assigned by DIT, Govt. of India, National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). The project was successfully completed.
6. Successfully completed assignment on Portal Design, IBR Project for Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Computerization of Hindi version of Indian Boiler Regulations.
7. Design of the scheme for “Evaluation of awards for exemplary initiatives in E-governance” for Dept. of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Govt. of India.
8. Resource speaker and subject experts in residential conferences, training programmes for senior level executives and middle level executive from government and industry.
9. Resource speakers and experts on workshop for BHEL, BEL, NADP and others in following areas:
1. Information Security and Risk Management
2. Productivity and competitiveness
3. Work Simplification
4. Knowledge Management
5. Knowledge Audit and gap analysis
Trainings & Certifications:
1. Attended study Meeting on Methodologies for Knowledge Management Measurement at Manila, Philippines, organized by Asian Productivity Organization (APO) Tokyo along with participants from Asian countries. The objectives of the study meeting; to undertake comparative analyses of case studies on knowledge management (KM) practices in APO member countries, and based on examination of those cases identify and develop a common framework and appropriate methods for measuring the results of KM implementation. Presented Country paper on KM implementation in India.
2. Trained on Competency Mapping, Quality Management System IS 15700:2005 and Balanced Score Card, Ms Visio, SPSS, MS Project, Kaizen, 5S, Case Writing etc.
3. Team member of various syllabus Review committees.
Publications:
1. Paper on Internet Marketing – from Websites to Blog., ITS, New Delhi, 2008
2. Paper on “E-Governance infrastructure and integration” - Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore 2008.
3. Research paper on “Applying Knowledge Management in Government Organizations” – PIMR, Indore 2008.
4. Theme paper on Technology and Innovation for Knowledge Management at International Conference on Technology and Innovation for Knowledge Management at New Delhi, 2008.
5. Knowledge Management for customer friendly public service - The Smart Manager – 2006.